Endpoint Setup

When connected via Wi-Fi or 4G LTE, data measured by a Senquip QUAD can be sent to the Senquip Portal or a remote server or SCADA system, using UDP, HTTP, HTTPS, MQTT and MQTTS. The endpoint settings allow for configuration of the end server detail and the protocol used to communicate with that server.

Data security

Devices that connect to company networks and the internet need to be properly secured to mitigate risks and protect organisations from malicious cyber-attacks. Senquip takes the challenge of cyber-security seriously and utilises public-key-infrastructure as a part of their security solution to create a unique, trusted and protected identity for every Senquip device.

Public Key Infrastructure certificates are an important part of developing a complete security solution. By authenticating devices, encrypting confidential data, and maintaining data and system integrity, certificates establish online trust and reliable security.

Authentication: Certificates for devices validate identities to make sure only authorized users, messages, or other types of servers have access to the device.

Encryption: All data stored on the device is encrypted at rest using AES-256. All communication with the Senquip Portal is secured and encrypted using client certificates and Transport Layer Security (TLS).

Integrity: Certificates make sure that any messages or data transferred to and from Senquip devices are not altered.

Each Senquip device is pre-loaded with a unique client certificate, allowing for immediate, out-of-the box, secure communication with the Senquip Portal. Users can then load additional certificates to allow secure communications with other servers, using the encrypted link from the Senquip Portal.

Note

For volume applications, Senquip can supply the Senquip QUAD pre-loaded with additional certificates.

Data format

Data that is transmitted by the Senquip QUAD to a remote server is formatted in JSON format. JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data-interchange format. It is easy for humans to read and write and it is easy for machines to parse and generate. It is based on a subset of the JavaScript Programming Language, Standard ECMA-262 3rd Edition - December 1999. JSON is a text format that is completely language independent but uses conventions that are familiar to programmers of the C-family of languages, including C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python, and many others. These properties make JSON an ideal data-interchange language.

JSON is built on two structures:

• A collection of name/value pairs. In various languages, this is realized as an object, record, struct, dictionary, hash table, keyed list, or associative array.

• An ordered list of values. In most languages, this is realized as an array, vector, list, or sequence.

An example data JSON packet as sent by a Senquip QUAD is shown below:

Example JSON data packet

Users of the Senquip Portal do not need to understand the data format; data can be viewed on the Senquip Portal numerically or graphically or can be downloaded in spreadsheet format.

For users who are sending data to third party servers that require data in a format other that JSON, arbitrary data formats can be scripted on the Senquip device. Application notes are provided that detail the scripting of custom data packet formats for connection to common third party platforms. Further information on scripting for Senquip devices can be found in the Senquip Scripting Guide.

Data buffer

Where neither Wi-Fi or 4G LTE networks can be found, the Senquip QUAD can store up to 10 MB of messages to internal memory for later transmission when a network becomes available. When the internal memory is full, the device stop logging. Once network connectivity is established, the most recently stored data will be transmitted first.

UDP

Data can be sent via raw UDP to a fixed IP address and port. This method is only suitable for a local network Wi-Fi connection as the data is not encrypted and there is no authentication. Raw UDP also provides no acknowledgment that data was received.

HTTP

An HTTP session is a sequence of network request-response transactions. The Senquip QUAD initiates a request by establishing a HTTP connection on a particular port on a client server (typically port 80, occasionally port 8080).

HTTPS

HTTPS is the secure version of HTTP and is sometimes referred to HTTP over TLS. The ‘S’ at the end of HTTPS stands for ‘Secure’. It means all communications between your browser and the website are encrypted. Wherever possible, HTTPS should be used as an alternative to HTTP.

HTTPS requires that the certificate-authority (CA) certificate of the destination be loaded onto the Senquip QUAD.

Note

for volume applications, devices can be pre-configured with CA certificates to allow secure communications with a customer server.

MQTT

MQTT is a secure machine-to-machine (M2M) Internet of Things connectivity protocol specifically designed for low data-rate applications and is perfect for implementation on Senquip devices. MQTT is the protocol used when the Senquip QUAD communicates with the Senquip Portal and is also supported by many open source IoT platforms such as Thingsboard.

Note

Senquip devices can maintain concurrent MQTT connections to the Senquip portal and a customer server or SCADA system.

Consideration must be given to data security on open networks. In applications where data security is critical, the use of MQTTS with encryption and authentication should be considered.

MQTT over TLS

MQTT over TLS (MQTTS) adds enhanced security as all data is encrypted and secured with SSL certificates. Most business grade IoT platforms such as AWS (Amazon Web Services) offer MQTTS.

MQTTS is recommended by Senquip as the preferred protocol for use with the Senquip QUAD as it offers a low power, reliable, secure connection. The Senquip QUAD is pre-loaded with certificates allowing secure communication with the Senquip Portal.

Note

For volume applications, devices can be pre-configured with additional certificates to allow secure communications with a customer server or SCADA system.

Settings

UDP, TCP and HTTP connections require an IP address of the host server and a port on which the host server is listening. Secure protocols like MQTTS and HTTPS require certificates to be loaded on the device. The Senquip QUAD is pre-loaded with certificates that allow connection to the Senquip Portal that is hosted on Amazon Web Services. Certificates for customer servers can be uploaded using the Senquip Portal.

All messages are time-stamped using the UNIX time standard. Unix time (also known as POSIX time or UNIX Epoch time) is a system for describing a point in time, defined as the number of seconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00, Thursday, 1 January 1970. Every day is treated as if it contains exactly 86400 seconds, so leap seconds are not applied. UNIX time is used to timestamp messages as it is used widely in Unix-like and many other operating systems and file formats.

The Senquip QUAD automatically updates time by accessing a Network Time Protocol (NTP) server. By default the device will get the time via NTP from pool.ntp.org, on whatever network connection is available (Wi-Fi or 4G LTE). It does this if the time is not valid, for instance, after a reset, and then every 12 hours thereafter. Between updates, time is kept with a high precision real-time clock that is powered by the internal LiPo battery.

Although UNIX time is easy for computer systems to use, it is not easily human readable. If a human readable time-stamp is required, set the timestamp setting to ON, in which case, the device will insert an additional time and date field, formatted in human readable format, as below:

DD/MM/YYYY, hh:mm:ss for example: 27/06/2018, 17:30:15

Time is UTC (coordinated universal time); no offsets are applied for local time-zones. The Senquip Portal will apply local time offsets as specified by the settings on your computer.

The Senquip Portal can be used to update settings on the Senquip QUAD remotely. Each time the device makes contact with the Senquip Portal (for example to transmit measurements), the device will check for any settings changes. If there are changes to settings, these will be downloaded and applied. Pending configuration changes are listed on the settings pages on the Senquip Portal.

Pending change where the device name has been changed.

If the Senquip QUAD is configured to send data to a 3rd party server, the device will by default contact the Senquip Portal to check for settings updates once a day. Set the Configuration via Senquip Portal to OFF to prevent the device from contacting the Senquip Portal to check for settings. This setting may be used where power consumption is critical such as when AA batteries are being used an a very long battery life is required.

Warning

Disabling Configuration via Senquip Portal will mean that no settings or firmware updates will be able to be performed remotely using the Senquip Portal.

A full list of endpoint settings is given in the table below.

Name	Item	Function	Internal Reference
Data Endpoints
Configuration via Senquip Portal	boolean	Enables connection to Senquip Portal for remote configuration.	endpoint.config_to_portal
Send Data to Senquip Portal	boolean	Enables data from the device to be sent to the Senquip Portal.	endpoint.data_to_portal
Offline Buffer	boolean	Save data if device is offline, and send when network is available.	endpoint.buffer_enable
Add Formatted Time	boolean	This option adds a human readable time/date format to the data output.	endpoint.addtimedate
Report Network Info	boolean	Add network details and signal strength to data output.	endpoint.network_report
UDP
UDP	boolean	Enables sending data over UDP to specified address below.	endpoint.udp.enable
UDP Address	text	Address and port to send data to.	endpoint.udp.address
HTTP
HTTP POST	boolean	Enables sending data via a HTTP POST request to address below.	endpoint.http.enable
HTTP Address	text	Destination address and port for HTTP POST request.	endpoint.http.address
MQTT
MQTT	boolean	Enables sending data to a MQTT broker.	endpoint.mqtt.enable
Broker Address	text	MQTT Broker Address and Port.	endpoint.mqtt.server
Client ID	text	Client ID to send to the broker. Defaults to device.id if left blank.	endpoint.mqtt.client_id
Username	text	Username for MQTT authentication with username/password. (Optional)	endpoint.mqtt.user
Password	text	Password for MQTT authentication with username/password. (Optional)	endpoint.mqtt.pass